AVRUPA BÖLGECİLİĞİNİN KRİZİNİN SOSYO-EKONOMİK VE JEOPOLİTİK BOYUTLARI

Author :  

Year-Number: 2019-17
Language : null
Konu : Sosyoloji

Abstract

Gelmiş geçmiş en başarılı bölgecilik girişimlerinden bir tanesi olarak kabul edilen Avrupa Birliği projesinin 2000’li yılların ilk on yılının sonlarından itibaren derin bir krize saplanması nasıl açıklanabilir? Süreç analizi yöntemi ve siyasal sosyolojiden ekonomiye uzanan çok disiplinli bir yaklaşım üzerine kurulu mevcut çalışmanın temel savı odur ki, Avrupa bölgeciliği, sosyo-ekonomik ve jeopolitik kriz unsurlarının karşılıklı etkileşimi sonucu ciddi bir gerileme yaşamaktadır. Bu gerilemenin önemli bir nedeni, 2007-2008 yılları arasında patlak veren Amerikan ekonomisinin krizinin Avrupa’ya yayılması ve bunun Avrupa’da uygulana gelen neoliberalleşme siyasetlerinin iflasını ortaya çıkarmasıyla ilgilidir. Siyasal sosyolojik düzlemde, kemer sıkma karşıtı hareketlerin yükselişiyle işçi sınıfına dayanan sol hareketler yeni bir ivme yakalamıştır. Ayrıca, ekonomik gerileme süreci dahilinde yabancı düşmanlığı ve ırkçılığın artışına koşut, Avrupa karşıtı aşırı sağ unsurlar ana akım siyaseti işgal etmeye başlamıştır. Brexit oylamasının sonuçlarıyla da ilişkilendirilen bu durumu kolaylaştırıcı bir diğer önemli etken ise, Avrupa’nın hatalı jeostratejik tercihleri sonucunda iyiden iyiye derinleşen Ukrayna krizi ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonraki dönemde yaşanan en büyük insanlık trajedisi olarak kabul edilen Suriye göçmen krizinin Avrupa’ya etkileridir.

Keywords

Abstract

Why has Europe’s long-acclaimed regionalism plunged into a deep crisis by the end of the first decade of the 2000s? This article is based on a multidisciplinary approach that draws its strength from political economy and sociology. It uses the process-tracing method to argue that the crisis of European regionalism greatly owes to the convergence of a set of socioeconomic and geopolitical crises. One of the underlying causes of this situation concerns the spread of the US financial crisis of 2007-2008 to the European economy, which has also revealed the bankruptcy of Europe’s neoliberal policies. In politicalsociological terms, Europe’s economic downturn has facilitated not only the resurgence of working-class and left-leaning movements but also the rise of Eurosceptic forms of right-wing extremism along with xenophobia and racism. The case of right-wing extremism is also closely associated with Britain’s Brexit victory in 2016. Another major factor underlying the crisis of European regionalism speaks to the repercussions of Europe’s geostrategic choices in the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the migrant crisis in Syria as one of the worst humanitarian emergencies since the 2nd World War.

Keywords


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