https://sosyologca.org/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=1637 Sosyologca en 2024-08-29 <b>Doğu Kitabevi</b><br><b>Adres: </b>İslambey Caddesi, 102-104B Eyüpsultan-İstanbul<br><b>Telefon:</b> 0 212 527 29 26 <br><b>web:</b> www.dogukitabevi.com<br><b>e-posta:</b> bilgi@dogukitabevi.com https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54289 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54289 Ertan Eğribel,Ufuk Özcan For the first time in history a Western force, not being a colonialist but as a “protective one” , by expanding its sovereignty constitutes the bases of the adjustments against the Eastern countries. USA Middle East reflects a “Balkanization” situation, the views of hustle and bustle instead of unity and solidarity by dividing into various regional, ethnic, religious limited identities in itself. Thus, USA Middle East constitutes the axis of the global chaos geography and becomes an element that destabilizes traditional Eastern countries. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54290 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54290 Ufuk Özcan Cemaleddin Afgani was an Islam philosopher and activist that became prominent in XIXth. Century when the Islamic world was taken under control by Western forces. Western forces developed several strategies to establish and reinforce their authority and control in the Islamic world. In the Muslim lands it was obvious not to get a successful result from the missionary activities led by the church. For this reason, they sought a way to get use of the local administrators (such as khedive of Egypt, shah of Iran), Western educated intellectual class, higher ranks (the Caste system in India), ulema (especially British controlled Wahhabi movement, some Iranian mullahs and Al-Azhar group) etc. In this article firstly, Cemaleddin Afgani is discussed in the context of his inconsistent actions and the role of modernisation he played in Islamic world is questioned. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54291 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54291 Devrim Vardar There have been mentions of a certain report that is given, around the year 1907, to the Great Britian Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman,as a result of a two years long (between 1905 and 1907) secret conference made in London via the attendance of Great Western Powers about and focused on the Arabic East. The content of the conference and the report is adding to itself everyday and growing as a legend, and there are new texts coming up now and then claiming that it is the report itself and there are not valid references given as proof. Even though we’re not going to try to deny the existence of such conference or report or the interests of Great Western Powers in the mentioned Arabic East, instead of creating a myth around the subject the right thing to do is to work on a greater picture than Arabic/Israeli conflict. Leaving no need for building myths which are not properly depending on valid sources, there are actually no shortage of facts to base upon to understand and explain the Western interest and plans, especially the Great Britain’s international politics, after 1908, focused on the Arabic East. And we think that these facts are mostly based on, decided and can be categorized under the umbrella of the Reval Agreement. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54292 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54292 Birsel Küçüksipahioğlu The Crusades, which are among the most important events in World history, started upon the call of Pope Urbanus II in 1095 and had a great impact on the following 200 years. In the first one of these Crusades to the East, which were nine in total, the Crusaders founded crusader states in Urfa and Antioch in Anatolia and in Jerusalem and Tripoli in the Near East. The Jerusalem Crusader Kingdom, foundedin 1099, at the end of the First Crusade, followed an expansionist policy during the reign of King Baldwin I, which continued during the reign of Baldwin II, too. During this period, Baldwin was captured and imprisoned in the castle of Harput by Belek, the great Emir of Aleppo and Harput who was known for his extraordinary struggles against the crusaders. Yet, with the death of Belek in May 1124, he was released from imprisonment by Timurtaş, a relative of Belek, on 16 June 1124. The Kingdom was first defeated by Salahaddin Eyyubi in the Battle of Hıttin on 4 July 1187 and then ended on 2 October 1187. However, the Crusaders conquered Acre on 12 July 1191 and started to continue their rule from here under the name of “the Second Kingdom”. The Crusader County of Tripoli founded in 1109 by Bertrand, the son of Raymond de St. Gilles, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, continued until 1187 and then came under the rule of the Crusaders in Antioch. While, on the one hand, struggling to expand their territories, the Tripoli counts Bertrand, Pons, Raymond II, Raymond III also united, on the other hand, for the common Christian goals and and helped the other Crusader states. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54293 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54293 Ebru Altan The Crusades are very important in terms of east-west relations. It is thought that the Crusaders set out for a "holy" mission. As a result of this duty, east-west relations have been seriously damaged. This damage did not remain only between Christians and Muslims. Christian armies also struggled with eastern Christians, whom they saw as different from themselves. As a result of this relationship, Western Christians came into conflict with both Muslims and their religious brethren. In this study, the importance of the Crusades in the Christian world has been examined. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54294 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54294 Oya Şenyurt The findings which transformation from religious representation of Christian denominations to space representation in Kamame/St. Sepulchre Church are discussed on plan and the styles of space using. In this study, occuring chaos and religious fragmentations in church against Ottoman administration efforts to set rules and control on using of worship spaces are discussed. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54295 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54295 Fulya Bahar In this work, formation of the Syria, one of the most strategic locations of the Middle East, at the beginning of 20th century has been investigated. The area which counted as the intersection of the trade ways between very important territories like Egypt, Arabia, and Anatolian was possessed by Ottomans till the beginning of 20th century. However, with Ottoman’s entering the regression period the Western States, especially England and France, started to develop various strategies for sharing the Syria. With that purpose they supported the growing movement of nationalism and provocated local people against Ottomans’ existence in that area. Our work aims to analyze the causes of today’s battles more correctly by mainly investigating the formation of the Syria beginning from that period. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54296 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54296 Bedri Mermutlu In the years when Şehbenderzade wrote his articles, lots of disasters were experienced as a country and a society; however, those were the years when the Empire had existed and had not gone to war yet. For this reason, the thoughts of Şehbenderzade reflects the imperial intellectual’s view of life. Besides this, though there has been a centennial difference between our time, with many aspects these thoughts are quite clear ones to continue enlightening these days. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54297 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54297 Mustafa Suphi This article of Mustafa Suphi, one of the important figures of recent Turkish thought, displays the insight of the colonialism based on the term “mission civilisatrice” which had been used in European colonialisation policies. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54298 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54298 Mehmet Doğan Said Halim Paşa is an important philosopher. He analyzed crisis of Ottoman Empire. According to him big crisis of İslamic World is that admire to West World. Otherwise West world is in real crisis. Because it has sought truth every time. But we have epistemology of truth. Then we must turn back our values. This study will help us to examine the solutions to our crisis via of Said Halim Paşa’s approaches. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54299 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54299 Yıldız Akpolat The world of Turkish thought includes different perspectives. There are different ideas about explaining the change of the world. Conservatism and revolutionism represent these two opposite poles. This situation has occurred in different ways in the West and in our country. The same concept has different explanations. In this study, changing situations over time are ironically examined. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54300 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54300 Mehmet Aygün The decade before the 1940s, in other words, the 1930s, are the years when the left/communism movement was reticent and stagnant. The movement inclined to translation and literature and went into the effort of popularizing itself through literature. In this period, the scientific studies (hypothetical and empirical) in the sociology chair in the Faculty of Language History and Geography in Ankara, led by “American- oriented faculty members, who were affected by Marxism to a certain extend and most importantly took a distant stand to the single-party rule” stood out. The work written by the highbrows, who gathered around the “Kadro” magazine -some of its writers came from the left movement- about economic Statism and coop- eration which were influenced by Marxism, shone out. We can also mention the translations of works about Socialism-Marxism by Haydar Firat in the 1930s. One of the reasons for the political silence and why people drifted to science and literature was due to the successive prosecutions exposed to the Turkish left-wing in 1929 and 1931 and the dissolution of underground organizations. Besides that, another important factor was the policy of convergence towards Soviet Russia after the Great Depression in 1929. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54301 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54301 H. Bayram Kaçmazoğlu School of Science Sociale was generated in France by F. Le Play. Its positive approach towards the structure of English society has been represented by Prens Sabahattin and his successors in Turkey. While F. Le Play supported the values of “old regime” against to the “new regime” that was shaped as a result of French revolution, Prince Sabahattin predicated on a radical-individualist transformation in the direction of resembling the social structure of Turkey to the social structure of British society. In the same time, this understanding has a part in defending the British interests. This article claims that Westerncentered And also it is claimed in the article that the ones who supported this school, in the past, were struggling to legitimize English colonialism and the ones who support it today, are struggling to legitimize American colonialism. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54302 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54302 Gökçe Kaçmaz In today’s Europe, the rise of Islamophobia attracts attention. The issue is being addressed in the framework set by the actions of marginalized sections of society, religious bigotry and derangedpeople rather than the international politics. All these statements lead to a conclusion that Islamophobia in Europe is an issue per se. These statements make it difficult to comprehend the issue of Islamophobia in Europe. In this study, Islamophobia in Europe will be considered on the basis of international relations in order to conclude a valid explanation. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54303 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54303 Celalettin Yanık This study dwells on the historical context of the concepts of nation and nationalism. The concepts of nation and nationalism are re-evaluated on the field of social sciences. The fact of this reconsider of the concepts is the new social and political events. In this context, this study discusses the concepts from the point of the new social and political events. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54304 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54304 Ertan Eğribel As a separate civilization center where the Eastern-Western relations were controlled/tangled, Near East is a region of dispute and conflict. Using the British-USA originated term Middle East instead of the term Near East is a result of the strategic-political expansion towards the oceans against the Western sovereignty over the Ottomans. In Eastern-Western conflict, which determines the world history, this change indicates a power and axial dislocation against Eastern people. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54305 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54305 Güneş Ayas Eurasia has always been important due to its geopolitical position. The transition region of the Western world with Asia has maintained its importance in every period of history. Turkey's policy regarding Eurasia in the first years of the republic has changed. With the changing world and the collapse of the Soviet Union, this region has come to the fore again. In this study, the strategies of Turkey, Russia, Europe and the United States of America in this region have been examined over time. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54306 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54306 Oktay Taftalı The open competition period, which comes to an end with capitalism’s “globalisation” and tendency to monopolisation, practically ruled out the physical circumstances to establish a nation state, for those who already missed the train. However leaving Japan’s particular and exceptional condition aside, ‘nation state’ with its proper meaning, is a result of specific physical circumstances and mentality which was formed according to them, approximately for three hundred and fifty years along, in Europe. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54307 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54307 Ali Öztürk The concept of conflict that has many size. Today we witness for this consept that is carried out through the virtual detects. This study aim that work tries to understand the relationship between the virtual and conflict. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54308 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54308 Yalçın Küçük The geography of the Middle East is quite complex. These lands, which are the heritage of the Ottoman Empire, maintain their importance today as they were in the past. Policies carried out by both Europe, Russia and the USA on this region continue. With the increase of Israel's power in the region, the plans of the Western world on this region have changed. In this article, we talked about this change. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54309 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54309 Mahdi D. Nazemroaya In this paper, the external causes on the seperation of Sudan and the Balkanization process was examined. The politically-motivated demonization of Sudan, the problem of identity, the long-standing Project to Balkanize Sudan and its links to the Arab world, the links between the attacks on the Egyptian Copts and the South Sudan referendum are discussed in detail. In this context, the outside connections of some political organisations and militias in Darfour was evaluated and all the process was discussed in the context of Balkanization of the Middle East. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54310 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54310 Orhan Yazıcı Afghanistan, which is among the most important geographies of ancient World, and which is the nodal point of the roads that interconnects Turkistan, China, India and Iran, is called “the roof or the heart of the world” in the context of geopolitics. Its strategic and geopolitical importance has always made this country a political and military center of attraction from ancient times until today. Afghanistan was dominated by Persians in 5th century B.C., and by Shakas, who came from Turkistan to Afghanistan which was captured by Alexandria of Macedonia, and by Yuachis, Kushans, Akhuns and Gokturks in 1st Century B.C. from 7th century, Afghanistan began to be dominated by Arabian armies, and then it became the habitation of Ghaznevians, Seljukians, Khwārezmshahians, Timurians, Safevians and Baburians. In 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state between England and Russia due to its strategic importance. The problems arising from Afghanistan’s geopolitical importance continue to exist in the present time. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54311 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54311 Ertan Eğribel In this article, we will discuss the direction, the actors, the sources of globalisation and the characteristics of the formation of the post nationalism in the context of tehe social change perception. Our main stress will be on the transformation of post-socialism into post nationalism. In the past, Turkish left, which developed itself in the form of discussing the place and the role of “pre-capitalist” relations within the sovereign powers and popularised with anti emperyalism, became a defender of just a contrary direction in the globalisation process and marginalized. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54312 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54312 Murat Demirci The Eastern world has always been interesting to the West. The West tried to explain the East with its own world view. In every period of history, the West has tried to examine the East. This situation has led to significant shifts in meaning. It led to the emergence of orientalism. In the Western world, the perspective of the past continues today. The exaggerated and distorted stories of travelers in the past are reflected on the silver screen today. In this study, the Western world's perception of the East has been examined, starting from the written fields to the cinema. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54313 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54313 Hülya Biçer Besides being the prayer places, mosques are the centres where the unity and solidarity of society is reinforced. The interest of the field sociology for the mosques stems from the mission that the mosques undertake for creating and increasing public awareness as the places where the solidarity of the society is created and strengthened. Because of the fact that Islamism puts an extra emphasis on worshipping together (in congregation), mosques have a social function as the places where salaat is performed all together. Performing friday, bairam, terawih and funeral prayers in congregation increase the emphasis on the social sense. Grand “magnificent mosques” which were built at the centres of the cities during the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate and Ottoman Empire became important especially for the prayers performed in large congregations. Mosques are the symbol for the social sense of unity. In our day, the distortions on the Turkish social identity raised different aspects of applications and arguments about Islam and the role and location of the mosques. In this study, we deliberated on the example of Yeşil Vadi Konakları Mosque and Site to show that mosques which actually undertake the important mission of enabling social unity and solidarity are reduced to the limited congregational notion, appealing only to a limited group as a result of the distortions on the social identity. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54314 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54314 Vehbi Bayhan An earthquake is not only a physical nature event but also a sociological phenomenon as it directly affects human and societies’ lives. An individual, in the traumatic chaos occasion created by an earthquake, needs to make sense of what happened. In terms of questioning himself, his life and society, he perceives the earthquake as a poetic justice of punishment from God due to the sins committed by individuals. This explanation does not make any sense in terms of positivist paradigm. However, it makes sense in hermeneutics (interpretative) paradigm. Interpretative paradigm focuses on how the people make sense and build their own social realities. The theological and metaphysical explanation of the earthquake is also important. In this paper, the social-psychological and sociological dimensions of explaining earthquake are analysed. 2024-08-29 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54315 https://sosyologca.org/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=54315 Gökçe Kaan Demirkıran An evaluation about Esin Afşar who is an important figures of folk music and passed away in 2012 and origins of her music takes place in this study. Folk Music developed as a different branch of Anatolian Rock which discussed much in Turkey. It sees great interest for a period but because of the political and economic developments and the mouvement of new music stream Folk Music is shaped as a declined music stream. Esin Afşar has been one of the names moving out of the way of Tülay German. She has taken place in political arguments as an intellectual and has been in civil movements. She also evaluated this in her music. In this study Esin Afşar’s identity of music and importance in cultural life is evaluated. 2024-08-29